When you pronounce the word with the long vowel, you should be able to hold the vowel sound for as long as you want, like this: be-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-eat. For example: ‘bit’ and ‘beat’, or ‘shut’ and ‘shoot’. But, how can you check if you’re pronouncing the sounds correctly? Take a pair of words which have almost the same pronunciation, except one has a short vowel and the other has a long vowel. However, the difference between short and long vowels is important. After all, native speakers don’t pronounce the same sounds in the same way. Often, it doesn’t matter so much if you pronounce a sound differently to native speakers. Tip two: focus on differentiating short and long vowels. Ignore the spelling learn to focus on the phonetics instead! In our experience, many students have difficulties with pronunciation not because they can’t pronounce the sounds correctly, but because they get confused by the spelling of the word. Phonetic script is clear and consistent, whereas written English is not. When you learn a new word, or you want to check the pronunciation of a word, look for the phonetic script. If you’ve learned one thing from this lesson, it should be that you can’t easily know the pronunciation of a vowel sound from the spelling. Although there aren’t many words like this, it includes some very common words and names, like ‘parents’, ‘Sarah’ or ‘Mary’. Less commonly, the /eə/ sound is spelled ‘ar’. Be careful, because some of these spellings can also produce an /ɪə/ sound, like ’ere’ or ‘ear’. The /eə/ sound also has many possible spellings it can be written with ‘ai’, ‘ere’, ‘are’ or ‘ear’. It can also be produced by the letters ‘ea’, as in ‘idea’, or sometimes by a single ‘e’ for example ‘zero’ or ‘serious’. The /ɪə/ sound can be produced by many spellings: ‘ere’, ‘eer, ‘ear’ and ‘ie’ are all possible. here, sphere, deer, beer, near, experience.It’s the only common word which has this sound and isn’t written with ‘oi’ or ‘oy’. ‘Lawyer’ has the /ɔɪ/ sound, although its spelling is strange. Even better, these spellings don’t have other pronunciations if you see a word written with ‘oi’ or ‘oy’, you can be 99.9% sure it’s pronounced with the /ɔɪ/ sound.
The /ɔɪ/ sound is also relatively simple: it’s spelled with ‘oi’ or ‘oy’. There are a few words with ‘ough’ which have the /aʊ/ sound, like ‘drought’, but these are rare. aʊ/Ĭompared to the other sounds in this section, this one is simpler! It generally has two possible spellings: ‘ow’ and ‘ou’. Less common spellings include ‘ou’, like ‘soul’, or ‘ough’, like ‘although’. The /əʊ/ sound is most often produced by the letter ‘o’, although there are also many words with ‘oa’ and ‘ow’. However, in American English, the ‘r’ is pronounced in these words: ‘part,’ ‘hard,’ ‘car,’ ‘dark’. In these words, the ‘r’ is not pronounced: ‘part’, ‘hard’, ‘car’, ‘dark’. Also, in British English, this vowel sound is often produced by the letters ‘ar’. For example: ‘after’, ‘asked’, ‘France’, or ‘bath’. Many words which have the long /aː/ sound in British English have an /æ/ sound in American English.
Specifically, it’s much more common in British English. The /aː/ sound is very different in British and American English.
Next, let’s look at the five long vowel sounds. Sometimes, the letters ‘ou’ together can make an /ʊ/ sound, though this is less common. The /ʊ/ sound can be produced by a letter ‘u’ by itself, but also by ‘oo’. Other possible spellings are ‘ou’ and ‘oo’. However, there are also many words where a letter ‘o’ produces the /ʌ/ sound in a stressed syllable. The /ʌ/ sound can be produced by a letter ‘u’ by itself. In American English, the /ɒ/ sound is pronounced with the mouth slightly more open and relaxed, and the sound is more nasal. In British English, the sound is pronounced with the mouth more closed, and it’s usually shorter. The /ɒ/ sound is also different in American and British English. A few other spellings are possible, like ‘a’ in some words. The /ɒ/ sound is often produced by a letter ‘o’ by itself.
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